The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.